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Amnesty International is an organization in the United Kingdom created in 1961 to support human rights. They have voted for the decriminalization of prostitution and other forms of sex trade. This policy would make legal the payment for any form of consensual sex and the ownership of brothels. Representatives of Amnesty International have said that they believe this policy will be beneficial for prostitutes in that it will reduce their risks and make prostitution safer for them. Under this policy, there would be no penalties for prostitutes but there will still be fines for the people paying for the sex. == History == In 1961 in Portugal, two students were arrested for drunkenly making a toast to freedom. Peter Benenson, an outraged lawyer from London, published an article in The Observer newspaper discussing the human rights violations present in the case . Seeing the vast support he was getting from readers, Benenson decided to found Amnesty International. One of the first large movements Amnesty International supported was the right of religious freedom. In 1945 Archbishop Josyf Slipyj was arrested in Siberia as the first prisoner of conscience. He was arrested for his political and religious views, which contradicted those of the Siberian government. After Slipyi’s release from prison in 1963, Amnesty International spent decades trying to get other prisoners of conscience released. The organization campaigned and rallied for the freedom of religion gaining the ability to challenge the government’s views. Nine years later, Amnesty International began its campaign against torture. The United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights defines torture as “any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person.” After twelve years of Amnesty International’s work, the United Nations votes to put an end to torture worldwide in 1984 with its Convention Against Torture. At the same time that the United Nations was working to curtail the use of different forms of torture, Amnesty International was working hard to get rid of the death penalty. Their work to abolish capital punishment involved working with cases one-by-one, working with the legal system in individual states, and spreading awareness of the facts of capital punishment. When Amnesty International first began their work on this topic in 1980, nine countries had outlawed the death penalty. As the work of the organization is able stretch out to other countries and a greater number of people become aware of the issue, more and more countries are abolishing the death penalty. As of 2014, 140 countries have abolished capital punishment. To this day that number continues to grow. Amnesty International has also been a spark for the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 2002. In 1993 Amnesty International began campaigning for a court that would deal specifically with war crimes and those who have caused genocide. The International Criminal Court has worked with cases all across the world to bring justice to those who have committed mass killings. Some of the few countries the International Criminal Court has worked with include Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Sudan. As the world has become more digital in the last few decades, social media has become an outlet for people of different backgrounds with different beliefs. Nevertheless, Amnesty International works to make sure no one is denied of his or her human rights because of what he or she says online. One notable case is that of Ali Sayed al-Shihabi, an English teacher, who was arrested and imprisoned because of his online posts supporting democracy. Considered a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International, al-Shihabi was released from jail. Some of Amnesty International’s most recent work has surrounded the topic of weapons. The organization has been pushing for an Arms Trade Treaty for the past twenty years to keep weapons from being distributed and for harming great numbers of people. The Arms Trade Treaty took action in 2014 and stated that all disputes should be handled without force to ensure peace. The treaty also stated that “international humanitarian law” should be respected, a great cornerstone for Amnesty International. Today, Amnesty International has over two million members and over five million activist supporting them. The organization was founded in London, but now has at least one chapter on every continent and across numerous college campuses. All of the fiscal support Amnesty International receives comes from donations. These donations keep Amnesty International completely independent from “any and all governments, political ideologies, economic interests, or religions.” By doing this, the organization can be sure to always support human rights, regardless of the beliefs of different groups around the world. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「YSP Legal Prostitution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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